/* Data for the current chapter */
chapter = {
number: 1,
title: "Gas Turbine Overview",
header_image: "figs/CITF_MW_GT_01_CO.tif",
table_of_contents: [
"How a Gas Turbine Works",
"Common Types of Gas Turbines"],
objectives: [
"Explain how a gas turbine works.",
"Identify different common gas turbine models and manufacturers.",
"Describe the major components of a gas turbine and the function of each component."
],
introduction: [
"A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine that converts the kinetic energies of hot and high-pressure exhaust gas into mechanical energy. This energy is used in a great number of industrial applications. The turbine can be large or small and is used because it generates a great deal of power with few moving parts. Many different manufacturers make gas turbines and it is not uncommon for UBC millwrights to encounter turbines from different manufacturers throughout their career.",
"This chapter provides an overview of gas turbines. It starts by explaining what they do, how they work, and then lists the types of gas turbines, as well as the companies that manufacture them. The chapter concludes by listing and defining the components of a gas turbine and explaining their functions."
],
keyterms: [
{
term: "axial flow",
def: "airflow that moves along the centerline, or axis, of a turbine shaft"
}, {
term: "combined-cycle steam and gas (STAG)",
def: "assembly of steam and gas turbines that work in tandem off the same source of heat, converting that heat into mechanical energy"
}, {
term: "combustor",
def: "area of a gas turbine where the mixture of fuel and air is ignited"
}, {
term: "compressor",
def: "component of a gas turbine that pressurizes the intake air"
}, {
term: "concentricity",
def: "quality of two or more spherical or cylindrical objects sharing a common center"
}, {
term: "gas turbine",
def: "type of internal combustion engine that uses rotary blades to convert the kinetic energies of hot and high-pressure exhaust gas into mechanical energy"
}, {
term: "gas turbine conventions",
def: "terminology used for describing different parts of a gas turbine"
}, {
term: "heat rate",
def: "measurement that indicates the efficiency of a fuel-burning power plant"
}, {
term: "plenum",
def: "enclosed space where the pressure of inside air is greater than the pressure of the outside atmosphere"
}, {
term: "rotor blades",
def: "row of blades mounted on a rotating shaft"
}, {
term: "stator blades",
def: "row of stationary blades mounted in a housing"
}, {
term: "turbine section",
def: "area of a gas turbine where mechanical power is generated"
}
],
content: [
{
type: "h1",
text: "How a Gas Turbine Works" },
{
type: "text",
text: "A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine that uses rotary and stationary blades to convert the kinetic energies of hot and high-pressure exhaust gas into mechanical energy. An example of a gas turbine is shown in Figure 1. Mechanical energy is of two types: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy created by an object because of its motion. Potential energy is the energy an object stores while at rest.",
xref: "what-is"
},
{
type: "figure",
xref: 1,
caption: "Gas turbine",
files: [
{
type: "figure",
fname: "figs/fig01a.jpg"
}, {
type: "figure",
fname: "figs/fig01b.jpg"
}, {
type: "figure",
fname: "figs/fig01c.jpg"
}
]
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Mechanical energy is often defined as the ability to do work. An example of mechanical energy is seen when a wrecking ball is suspended off the ground by a cable from a crane. As the ball is held stationary on the cable, it is storing potential energy. When the ball is swung by the crane, it creates kinetic energy. Once the ball comes in contact with the structure, the mechanical energy generated by the ball allows it to move, displace, or demolish the structure.",
xref: "mech-energy"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "A gas turbine is essentially an internal combustion engine. This means it generates energy by igniting a high-energy fuel, mixed with air, in a small enclosed space. As the gas in the space is ignited, it expands beyond the capacity of that space. Energy is generated as the expanded gas is released. The rotor blades catch the energy of the moving gas in much the same way that blades on a windmill catch the moving wind. The energy causes the blades to rotate, and as they do, the blades turn other components of the turbine."
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Where Gas Turbines Are Used"
},
{
type: "figure",
xref: 2,
caption: "Portable truck-mounted gas turbine",
file: "figs/fig02.png"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Gas turbines are used in many industries. A portable, truck-mounted gas turbine, used for emergency power needs, is shown in Figure 2. Several of these units were used during and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. One of the most recognizable uses for gas turbines is in the airline or aviation industry. Jet engines, as shown in Figure 3, are used in many commercial, military, and private aircraft. Gas turbines are also used in some power boats and ships, as well as in modern helicopters. The United States Army even uses gas turbine engines in their M1A2 Abrams tank.",
links: [
{
from: "jet engines",
to: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine"
}
],
side_fig: {
xref: 3,
caption: "Jet engine",
file: "figs/fig03.jpg"
},
xref: "where-used"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "The majority of gas turbines are used to generate electrical power. Industrial gas turbines range in size. They are used in small truck-mounted mobile plants as well as in enormous and complex systems. A gas turbine is very efficient. It generates a great deal of power and operates at approximately 40 percent efficiency. When the waste heat generated by the gas turbine is recaptured, it can increase the efficiency up to 60 percent."
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "The Gas Turbine Power Cycle"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "A gas turbine operates using the same power cycle as the internal combustion engine. However, a gas turbine is typically not as responsive and efficient as the smaller piston engine found in most vehicles. A gas turbine can also be more expensive to manufacture. An advantage of a gas turbine is that it produces power with fewer moving or rotating parts. Instead of cylinders, pistons, and a crankshaft, the gas turbine has blades mounted to a rotating shaft. The power cycle, known as the Brayton cycle, consists of intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. See Figure 4. The three main sections of a gas turbine are the compressor, the combustor, and the turbine section, as shown in Figure 5.",
links: [
{
from: "brayton cycle",
to: "http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/brayton.html"
}
],
side_fig: {
xref: 4,
caption: "Brayton power cycle",
file: "figs/fig04.png"
},
xref: "power-cycle"
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig05.png",
xref: 5,
caption: "Main Sections of a gas turbine"
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig05_b.png"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "Rj-mJTOHIA4",
time: "0",
caption: "The parts of a gas turbine"
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig06.jpg",
xref: 6,
caption: "Simple-cycle unit as part of a power plant"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Once the turbine is running, it is in the self-sustaining cycle. The cycle begins at the compressor, which is a component of the gas turbine that pressurizes the intake air. The compressor squeezes the air that is drawn through the inlet. The air is then heated as it continues to flow. This is done in the combustor, which is the area of a gas turbine where the mixture of fuel and air is ignited and, therefore, heated.",
xref: "self-sustaining-cycle"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "CCUfQkcjVGg",
time: 75,
caption: "Put caption here"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "As the fuel/air mixture ignites in the combustor, it expands and creates a great deal of pressure in the form of hot exhaust gas. This expanding hot gas is directed into the turbine section, which is where mechanical power is generated. As the hot gas enters the turbine, it pushes on the turbine blades causing the turbine rotor to turn, creating mechanical power. Forty to fifty percent of the power generated in the turbine section is used to drive the compressor. The remaining power is used to do work such as generating electricity or powering a piece of equipment. The hot gas is then exhausted into the atmosphere, which completes the power cycle. A gas turbine in this configuration is referred to as a simple-cycle unit. Figure 6 shows a simple-cycle unit as part of a power plant.",
xref: "simple-cycle"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Two different configurations can be used with a gas turbine: simple cycle and combined cycle. With the simple cycle, the exhaust created by the turbine is vented out into the atmosphere. With the combined cycle, the heat from the exhaust is sent to a heat exchanger and used to create steam. This steam is then used to power steam turbines or any other industrial steam application. Additional information on combined-cycle units is provided later in this chapter. The main advantage of a simple-cycle gas turbine is its ability to be started up and shut down within minutes. This allows the turbine to supply electrical power quickly during peak demands."
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Power plants that use simple-cycle gas turbines are less efficient than power plants that use combined-cycle gas turbines. These units, known as peaking units, operate anywhere from several hours per day to only a few dozen hours per year. How and when the simple-cycle gas turbines are used is dependent on the demand for electricity and the generating capacity of the region. When there is a higher demand or a peak in demand for electricity, the peaking units are started and run as long as the demand exists. When the demand has been met, the units shut down."
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Gas Turbine Conventions"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Within the craft of millwrighting, certain terminology is consistently used when referring to gas turbines. Gas turbine conventions are the agreed upon terms used for describing different parts of the gas turbine. The definition of these terms may differ from standard dictionary definitions. The purpose of these conventions is to help avoid confusion when communicating on the jobsite. Everyone on the jobsite should be familiar with the conventions before any work is started on the turbine. The following is a list of gas turbine conventions and their definitions:"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "
" +
"- fore: compressor end or intake end of the gas turbine
" +
"- aft: discharge or exhaust end of the gas turbine
" +
"- direction of flow: intake to the exhaust
" +
"- left: left side of the gas turbine as observed when looking in the direction of flow
" +
"- right: right side of the gas turbine as observed when looking in the direction of flow
" +
"- rotation: counterclockwise rotation of the shaft in General Electric (GE) units when looking in the direction of flow; clockwise rotation in Siemens-Westinghouse units
" +
"- combustion chamber numbering: firing order and chamber location; beginning at the top left and continuing counterclockwise in GE units, and beginning at the top right and continuing clockwise in Siemens-Westinghouse units
" +
'- opened (O): also known as "as found," with the letter O indicating that the readings were taken when the unit was opened for inspection
' +
'- closed (C): also known as "as left," with the letter C indicating the final readings that were taken before the unit was closed
' +
"
",
xref: "conventions"
},
{
type: "self-check",
questions: [
{
question: "What is a gas turbine?",
xref: "text-what-is"
},
{
question: "How does a gas turbine differ from a piston-type engine?",
xref: "text-power-cycle"
},
{
question: "What is the power cycle?",
xref: "text-power-cycle"
}
]
},
{
type: "pop-quiz",
questions: [
{
type: "t/f",
question: "Once a turbine is turned off, it is in self sustaining-mode.",
correct: "f",
xref: "text-self-sustaining-cycle"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "The discharge or exhausted end of the turbine is called the _.",
correctArray: ["aft"],
xref: "text-conventions"
},
{
type: "t/f",
question: "The definition of gas turbine conventions will never differ from standard dictionary definitions.",
correct: "f",
xref: "text-conventions"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "Mechanical energy is often defined as the ability to do _.",
correctArray: ["work"],
xref: "text-mech-energy"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "What is a common example of where a gas turbine is used?",
answers: ["jet engine", "farm tractor", "electric car", "none of the above"],
correct: "jet engine",
xref: "text-where-used"
}
]
},
{
type: "h1",
text: "Common Types of Gas Turbines"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Several different manufacturers produce gas turbines, although the general function of each turbine remains the same. The following manufacturers represent those most commonly encountered by UBC millwrights:",
xref: "common-types"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "" +
"- General Electric (GE)
" +
"- Siemens-Westinghouse
" +
"- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
" +
"
"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "General Electric Gas Turbines"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "General Electric Company (GE) manufactures many models of gas turbines including the models mentioned below."
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'MS5001 Introduced in the 1950s, the MS5000 was called the Frame 5, and is shown in Figure 7. The next version of the Frame 5, the MS5001 gas turbine produces 26.0 megawatts (MW) of power at 5,094 rotations per minute (RPM). One megawatt is equal to one million watts. A gas turbine that produces 26 megawatts of electricity can power approximately 7,000 homes for a year.',
side_fig: {
xref: 7,
caption: "GE Frame 5 gas turbine",
file: "figs/fig07.jpg"
}
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'MS6001B and MS6001C With over 1,100 units in service, the MS6001B is one of the most widely used GE gas turbine in the industry. Also called a Frame 6, it produces 42.1 MW of power and is used in a wide range of applications. An example of a Frame 6 is shown in Figure 8. The MS6001C is designed for combined-cycle applications that use low-cost electricity.'
},
{
type: "figure",
xref: 8,
file: "figs/fig08.png",
caption: "GE Frame 6 gas turbine"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "F7J7lRnPuUI",
time: 0,
caption: "Put caption here"
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'LM6000 The LM6000 has the capacity to produce 49 MW of electrical power. Shown in Figure 9, it is designed for simple-cycle, combined-cycle, and cogeneration installations. It can be used both as a simple peaking unit and as a base-load utility service unit. One of the advantages of the LM6000 is that it can be at full power within 10 minutes from the time it is started. Cogeneration refers to a plant where the gas turbine produces electricity, and heat in the form of steam. Both energy products are often sold to industrial customers. A base-load unit is a gas turbine that is used as the primary source for producing electrical energy for a region.',
xref: 'lm6000'
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig09.jpg",
xref: 9,
caption: "GE LM6000 gas turbine"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "83vG3iyzV8M",
time: 32
},
{
type: "text",
text: "The LM6000 is designed in a modular configuration. This means it arrives on the jobsite with each major component fully assembled on a skid, or platform. Dowels are placed between the skids which are then bolted together to create the complete unit. The LM6000 is an example of an aerogas turbine. This type of turbine derivative uses a modified commercial aircraft jet engine as the power source. The LM6000 has dual compressor sections: one low pressure and one high pressure. Air from the low pressure compressor travels through an inter-cooler and is fed into the high pressure compressor. Inter-cooling provides significant benefits by reducing the work for the high pressure compressor allowing higher pressure ratios and increasing overall efficiency. Most manufacturers produce a gas turbine similar to the LM6000."
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig10.png",
xref: 10,
caption: "LMS 100 gas turbine"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "kBJSU2OBt7k",
time: 20,
caption: "Put caption here"
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'LMS100 Shown in Figure 10, the LMS100 has the capacity to produce 90 MW of electrical power. Like the LM6000, the LMS100 is also referred to as an aerogas derivative turbine, has high and low pressure compressors, and is designed in a modular configuration. With the LMS100, the exhaust from the jet engine is used to rotate the free turbine which drives the generator. The free turbine is a separate shaft with multiple stages of blades and does not couple to the gas turbine. See Figure 11.',
side_fig: {
xref: 11,
caption: "GM LMS100 free turbine",
file: "figs/fig11.png"
}
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'MS7001EA and MS7001F The MS7001EA has the capacity to produce 80 MW of power and is used in 50 Hz applications. The abbreviation Hz stands for Hertz which represents electrical cycles per second. The MS7001F has the capacity to produce 135.7 MW of power and is used in 60 Hz applications. European units operate at 50 Hz while 60 Hz units are used in North America. An example of the MS7001F is shown in Figure 12. Both the 7EA and the 7F can accommodate a wide range of fuels, including natural gas, light and heavy distillate oil, naphtha, crude oil, residual oil, steel mill gases, and synthetic gases. One of the advantages of these models, which are also known as Frame 7, is that they can switch from one fuel to another while running under load. The newest version, MS7000FA, produces up to 175 MW of power.',
links: [
{
from: "ms7001ea and ms7001f",
to: "https://powergen.gepower.com/content/dam/gepower-powergen/global/en_US/documents/technical/ger/ger-3808c-uprate-options-ms7001-heavy-duty-gas-turbine.pdf"
}
],
xref: "ms7001"
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig12.jpg",
xref: 12,
caption: "MS7001F"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Siemens-Westinghouse Gas Turbines"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Siemens-Westinghouse manufactures the following gas turbine."
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'SGT-800 The most common Siemens-Westinghouse gas turbine is the SGT-800. Shown in Figure 13, the SGT-800 has the capacity to produce 47 MW of power and is designed for continuous, heavy-duty operation. This gas turbine is commonly found in harsh environments where reliability and low life-cycle costs are key factors. The SGT-800 can operate on a wide range of fuels, from liquid fuel to natural gas.'
},
{
type: "figure",
file: "figs/fig13.jpg",
xref: 13,
caption: "Siemens-Westinghouse SGT-800"
},
{
type: "video",
youtube: "dc00xYsXgTQ",
time: 0,
caption: "Siemens-Westinghouse SGT-800"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Heat Rate"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "Gas turbines are classified by heat rate, which is a measurement that indicates the efficiency of a fuel-burning power plant. When the heat rate is low, less fuel is required to produce power. A higher heat rate means a greater amount of fuel is required to produce the same amount of power. The heat rate is used throughout the energy industry to calculate how efficiently a fuel-burning power plant uses the energy generated from heat. The heat rate is expressed as the amount of heat required to produce one kilowatt-hour of energy. Heat is rated in British Thermal Units (BTUs).",
xref: "heat-rate"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Combined-Cycle Steam and Gas (STAG)"
},
{
type: "text",
text: "As the gas turbine has evolved, so has the use of combined cycles. Combined-cycle steam and gas (STAG) is an assembly of steam and gas turbines that work in tandem off the same source of heat, converting that heat into mechanical energy. In a combined-cycle steam and gas system, the heat generated by the gas turbine's exhaust is used to generate steam for a steam turbine. The heat generation is done by passing the hot exhaust gas through a heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG).",
xref: "stag"
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'Single-Shaft, Combined Cycles System A combined-cycle system may contain one shaft or multiple shafts. In a single-shaft configuration, shown in Figure 17, the shaft of the gas turbine is connected to the shaft of the generator at one end. The other end of the generator shaft is coupled to the steam turbine with a clutch. The entire system forms a single shaft. The clutch allows the gas turbine to be run independently of the steam turbine.'
},
{
type: "text",
text: 'Multi-Shaft, Combined Cycles System In the multi-shaft system, the exhaust gases from the gas turbine pass through the heat-recovery boiler to create steam. The steam is then used to power a steam turbine and generator. An example of a multi-shaft system is shown in Figure 18. The advantage of this type of system is that multiple generators can be online producing electrical power.',
xref: "single-vs-multi"
},
{
type: "self-check",
questions: [
{
question: "Define the letters O and C from the gas turbine conventions.",
xref: "text-conventions"
},
{
question: "Define heat rate and explain how it is used",
xref: "text-heat-rate"
},
{
question: "What is the difference between single- and multi-shaft systems?",
xref: "text-single-vs-multi"
}
]
},
{
type: "pop-quiz",
questions: [
{
type: "t/f",
question: "General Electric (GE) is one of the most common gas turbine manufacturers encountered by UBC millwrights",
correct: "t",
xref: "text-common-types"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "The LM6000 has the capacity to produce _ MW of electrical power.",
correctArray: ["49"],
xref: 'text-lm6000'
},
{
type: "t/f",
question: "The abbreviation Hz stands for Hertz, which represents mechanical cycles per second.",
correct: "f",
xref: "text-ms7001"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "Gas turbines are classified by what rate?",
answers: ["heart", "pulsating", "heat", "combustion"],
correct: "heat",
xref: "text-heat-rate"
},
{
type: "t/f",
question: "Combined-cycle steam and gas (STAG) is an assembly of steam and gas turbines that work in tandem off of different sources of heat.",
correct: "f",
xref: "text-stag"
}
]
},
{
type: "review",
title: "Gas Turbine Overview",
questions: [
{
type: "t/f",
question: "Potential energy is the energy created through motion",
correct: "f",
xref: "text-what-is"
},
{
type: "t/f",
question: "A gas turbine is essentially an internal combustion engine",
correct: "t",
xref: "text-what-is"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "A gas turbine power cycle consists of _, compression, combustion, and _.",
correctArray: ["intake", "exhaust"],
xref: "text-power-cycle"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "Which of the following is a component of a gas turbine that pressurizes ...",
correct: "compressor",
answers: ["concentricator", "compressor", "compactor", "combustor"],
xref: "text-self-sustaining-cycle"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "Which of the following is the area of a gas turbine where the mixture of fuel and air is ignited?",
correct: "combustor",
answers: ["concentricator", "compressor", "compactor", "combustor"],
xref: "text-self-sustaining-cycle"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "The _ _ is the area of the gas turbine where mechanical power is generated.",
correctArray: ["turbine", "section"],
xref: "text-simple-cycle"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "Which of the following terminology represents movement in the gas turbine from the intake to the exhaust?",
correct: "direction of flow",
answers: ["fore", "aft", "combustion chamber numbering", "direction of flow"],
xref: "text-conventions"
},
{
type: "1/n",
question: "Which of the following letters is used as an indication that the readings were taken when the unit was opened for inspection?",
correct: "O",
answers: ["C", "O", "AF", "AL"],
xref: "text-conventions"
},
{
type: "short",
question: "Gas turbines are classified by _ _, which is a measurement that indicates the efficiency of a fuel-burning power plant.",
correctArray: ["heat", "rate"],
xref: "text-heat-rate"
},
{
type: "t/f",
question: "A higher heat rate means a greater amount of fuel is required to produce the same amount of power.",
correct: "t",
xref: "text-heat-rate"
}
] // End of chapter review questions
}, // End of chapter review
{
type: "h1",
text: "WORKSHEET 1"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Gas Turbine Component Labeling"
},
{
type: "figures", // Several, relatively small, figures that can be size by side
figures: [
{
file: "worksheet1/a.jpg",
caption: "A"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/b.jpg",
caption: "B"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/c.png",
caption: "C"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/d.jpg",
caption: "D"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/e.jpg",
caption: "E"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/f.jpg",
caption: "F"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/g.jpg",
caption: "G"
},
{
file: "worksheet1/h.png",
caption: "H"
}
]
},
{ // The actual questions of Worksheet 1
type: "review",
instructions: "Type the letter corresponding to the gas turbine component shown in the photos next to the name of the component.",
questions: [
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Thrust collar",
correctArray: ["G"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Single-fuel nozzle",
correctArray: ["E"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Key and block system",
correctArray: ["A"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Combustion liners",
correctArray: ["D"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Accessory cabinet",
correctArray: ["H"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Shroud blocks",
correctArray: ["F"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Compressor rotor blades",
correctArray: ["C"]
},
{
type: "short",
question: "_ Inlet casing",
correctArray: ["B"]
}
] // End of Worksheet 1 questions
}, // End of worksheet 1
{
type: "h1",
text: "WORKSHEET 2"
},
{
type: "h2",
text: "Gas Turbine Overview Word Search Puzzle"
},
{
type: "wordsearch",
letters: [
"YBINECFILTERHOUSINGT",
"AMCNFXTCLKQFGFHIADYR",
"AQSOLLHFOUNHXNOLCDXA",
"CSBUIEAAJMESMSEQXPTN",
"SVHFIETMUFPQZERFIFUS",
"TSFRRGSGESORHYWOBURI",
"ATXQOANJUDTWEZQEMENT",
"GADJJUMICIEDOSPGZLII",
"ETSMBVDETNDTIESSONNO",
"DOWFWLQBIEUEEFOODOGN",
"PRJIQITBLTRUVCFPRZGP",
"TCYNYHRJWOYQEATUMZEI",
"WGKSNUXQTUCGWDNOSLAE",
"ZDWOTSQUBPZKJJVERERC",
"ROCOMBUSTIONCHAMBERE"
],
// The corrrespondece between words and hints
// may be broken
words: [
{
word: "Combustion Chamber",
hint: "Where fuel is ignited"
},
{
word: "Compressor",
hint: "Forces air from large space into small space"
},
{
word: "Exhaust Diffuser",
hint: "Reduces velocity of exhaust gas"
},
{
word: "Filter Housing",
hint: "Air to turbine passes through this"
},
{
word: "Flame Detector",
hint: "Monitors ignition"
},
{
word: "Frame",
hint: "Gas turbine welded steel beams and plate for support"
},
{
word: "Fuel Nozzle",
hint: "Supplies fuel air mixture"
},
{
word: "Igniter",
hint: "Spark plug"
},
{
word: "Inlet Guide Vane",
hint: "Controls direction and amount of air to compressor"
},
{
word: "Shroud Block",
hint: "Helps cool casing and seals rotor tips"
},
{
word: "Stage",
hint: "Group of moving and stationary blades"
},
{
word: "Stator",
hint: "Stationary blades in compressor"
},
{
word: "Turbine Wheel",
hint: "Section of buckets on shaft"
},
{
word: "Turning Gear",
hint: "Rotates turbine at low speed when not in use"
}
]
}
] // End of content array
}; // End of chapter definition